Bridge and Culvert Installation
The installation of a bridge is to be able to cross a certain body of water, a valley, or a road without closing the way underneath.
The installation of a culvert is to be able to let a body of water move through the culvert to the other side of a roadway without damaging it. Listed below are the steps that are used to install a culvert.
Demolition
Demolition is the dismantling, razing or wrecking of any building or structure. When it comes down to demolishing there is specific equipment needed.
Fencing
There are many different types of fences, however most advanced exploration sites of hazards require the installation of a fence to prevent the public from entering. The most common fence erected for the mining community is a chain link fence with barbed wire.
Mine Site / Hazard Rehabilitation
Mine rehabilitation is the process of repairing the damages done by mining activities. This will make the site safer and stable. This can include reseeding, and new soil to be laid out.
The tasks also involved with rehabilitating an area of land depend on the type of mine hazards that will be created as a result of the development activity that will be performed on the land Mine hazards may include:
- Waste rock piles
- Mine opening to the surface
- Open pits
Each type of mine hazard has an associated set of rehabilitation tasks. Each task has a set of standards that must be adhered to. These standards define requirements, such as:
- Engineering inspections
- Minimum load specifications
- Acceptable material for capping openings
- Necessary signage
Rehabilitation tasks and standards, broken down by type of hazard, are outlined by the Mine Rehabilitation Code of Ontario.
Pitting / Blasting
Pitting is used to expose the rocks that are underground by digging into the rock then blasting a hole in the rock to see the minerals inside.
Blasting is the activity in which in-situ rock is broken in both development and surface mining by drilling holes in the rock, charging them with explosives and detonating the holes.
Earth Works & Construction
Road and trail construction is when there is a clearing of debris like trees, brush, and rocks to make a path more accessible to travel on.
Roads can be made out of a range of materials. Listed below are just some common types of road materials:
- Soil stabilized
- Gavel
- Earth
- Cement concrete
When building a trail there are many different types of equipment. The type of equipment will vary from how big you want the trail to be. A small trail construction can consist of chain saws, rake, Weed Wacker, hand saw, axe, and many more. There are many different steps to follow to build a trail.
- Choose where you want the trail.
- Clearing the brush
- Removing trees
- Remove roots and other obstacles
Road Grading
Road Grading is when a motor grader is used to restore the driving surface and drainage attributes to roads. This will help remove washboards, potholes, and other irregularities of the road.
The structure of a gravel road needs three basic elements to be suitable for ongoing maintenance. These are a crowned (canted with a sharp peak) driving surface, a shoulder that slopes away from the driving surface and a ditch on either side. This structure ensures proper drainage and helps prevent potholes caused by standing water. Gravel roads that don’t follow this basic construction, don’t perform well under the stress of constant traffic, especially heavy vehicles.
Road Site Maintenance Snow Removal
Road and site maintenance is used to keep the road and or site in its original constructed condition. This would include filling potholes, road resurfacing, pavement resurfacing, or maintenance of side drains as clearing of silt and maintain proper slope.
Snow removal is the job of removing snow after a snowfall to make a road or driveway accessible again. There is different equipment that will help with the snow removal.
Sand and Gravel
Sand is a rock that is grounded more finely than gravel but is not as fine as silt.
Gravel is a loose aggregation of rock fragments. They are both used for road construction, mixing asphalt, and construction fill.
Site Clearing
Site clearing is the process of removing obstacles such as trees, stumps, rocks, stones, and brush, from a specific area to make it open and clear. Clearing vegetation is typically the first stage of the clearing process. This will help free up space and room for equipment to move.
Stripping
Stripping is the process of mechanically removing overburden with heavy machinery to uncover the geological features. This in conjunction with the power washing allows the geologist to observe, map and sample the underlying geology.
